Plumbing system



Sept. 20, 1932. w. J. LUFF PLUMBING SYSTEM Filed July 15, 1930 3Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR; M/fazkigfhfizffi' IBY 0 I rromvfig Sept. 20,1932; w. J. LUFF PLUMBING SYSTEM Filed July 15, 1950 5 Sheets-SheetINVENTOR. Wz/Za/TZ J 0521f) Patented Sept. 2!), 1932 tenses WILLARD J.LUFF, OF CLEVELAND HEIGHTS, OHIO PLUMBING SYSTEM Application filed. July15, 1930. Serial No. 468,172.

My invention relates to plumbing systems, and particularly toimprovements in building drainage and vent fittings. One of the objectsof my invention is to provide fittings to be used to connect a waste andvent stack sys tem to a series of lateral waste branches leading towater closets, bath tubs, washbasins and similar fixtures, in such a wayas to etfectually prevent the siphonage of the seals of the fixturetraps in said lateral branches,

and to prevent back pressure from disturbing the seals of said traps,and also maintain an efiicient air circulation through the entiresystem. This invention is also intended to permit the connection of themaximum number of said fixtures into a waste stack, by connecting thelateral branches into the stack in such a manneras to secure the minimumof frictional resistance when the discharge through the lateral branchunites with the discharge in the stack, or with the discharge of otherlateral branches. A further object of the invention is to secure themaximum of velocity in the lateral waste branches by connecting theminto'the waste stack with the maximum of downward grade and also toavoid the encroachment of the branches below the bottom of the ceilingjoist, or the front of the studding in the vertical wall in which thewaste and vent stacks are located,

thus combining compactness with hydraulic elficiency. My invention alsoaims to secure a vertical branch vent-functioning toprotect all thelateral waste branches in the group,

1 carried to a point above the top of all the fixtures in the group toprevent thedeposit of solids in the event of solid laden wastesback ingup into said branch. To the aboveends,

my invention therefore comprises the various features which I shallhereinafter describe and claim.

To the accomplishment-of thetoregoing and related ends, saidinvention,.then, consists 4.5 of the meanshereinafter fullydescribed andparticularly pointed-out in the claims; the

annexed drawings and the following descrip:

tion setting forth in detail-certain structure embodying the invention,such disclosed means constituting, however, but one of variousmechanical forms in which the principle I l of the invention may beused.

In said annexed drawings Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic elevation showing theinstallation of. my invention "in a venti lated drainage system for abuilding, the installation on a top floor and on a. lower floor beingshown; Figs. 2 and '3 are detail plan views showing the connections ofmy im proved fitting; Fig. 4 is a verticalgcentral section through alower floor form of my improved fitting and is taken either on'the line44 of Fig. 5 or on the line 4-4' of Fig.8, looking in the direction ofthe arrows; Fig, 5 is a horizontal section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4,lookingdown; Fig. 6' is a vertical section on the line 66 of Fig. 5 inthe direc tion of the arrows; Fig. 7 is a view corresponding to Fig. 4,but showing a form of fitting'for the top floor; Fig. 8 is a viewcorresponding to Fig. 5, but sho-wing'a double inlet; and Fig. 9 isa'view onthe li-ne99 of g. 8, in the direction of the arrows. Referringmore particularly to Fig. 1, my fitting is shown as applied to a systemincluding a. soil or waste stack 1 and a vent stack 2, and alsoincluding, on all floors below the top, an additional vent pipe Thelower floor fitting is indicated as 4 and is shown on a larger scale inFig. 4, while the top floor fittin-g designated as 7 is shown enlargedin Fig. 7. i

As best shown in Fig. 4, my fitting comprises an enlarged body portion10, having top hubs 11 and 12, a bottom connection 13 and variouslateral waste inlets 1 1, 15, 16 and, in certain forms, 17 The hub '11receives the bottom of a section of the additional vent pipe 3,'the hub12 receives the bottom of a section ofthe soil or wastestackl, while thebottom connection 13 fits into the hub at the top of a lower section ofthe soil or waste stack 1, while the lateral waste inlets receive thewaste'or soil pipes from the various fixtures.

In order to keep the lateral waste inlets 1 within the limited spacebetween ceiling and floor, as ndicated 'in Fig. 1, it is necessary tohave all so located that their inner sur-v faces oin=the body 10 of thefitting at the top,

the intersection of the upper inner edge of I fitting was exceeded,causing waste or waste and soil to back up in the various fixtureoutlets. The running off of such an accumulation at times caused thewaste seals in the va- I rious fixture traps to be siphoned out. Mylmproved fitting avoids such backing up, and

' consequently permits the waste stack 1 to be utilized atmaximumefiiciency. This is accomplished by giving each lateral wasteinlet a sharp downward inclination so as to direct its stream in adirection to converge with the main descending stream from the top inlet12 to the outlet 13 instead of across the main stream as in the priorart. There limitations of space are not important, as on the side wherethe inlet 14 enters, this downward slant can be impartedby a modified Yfitting, but for inlets such as 15, 16 and-17 which are entirely orpartly on what I may term the faces of the fitting, this is notpermissible because it would-result in an unsightly exposure atthejunction of wall and ceiling. Therefore those inlets have their downslope. produced by a formation which projectsvery little from the bodyof the fitting, as best illustrated in Figs. 6 and 9, and which isreceived in the space between the ventand waste channels 31 and 32,respectively, Fig. 5..

. Referring to Fig. 6 it will be'seen that the upper surface of theinlet 16 is sloped down at 29, and the lower surface is sloped down at28. The surfaces 28 and 29 thus define a channel suchthat a tangentialcontinuation of the axis of the inner end will intersect the planecommon to the axes of the channels 31 and 32 at an acute angle which isvery much less than a right angle, and preferably considerably less than45. 3 Consequently the en- 1 tering stream is travelling downwardalongside the main waste stream before the two streams join, with theresult that the lateral branch discharge does not impede the progress ofthe main stream, and thus the disadvantages of back water and possiblesiphoning of the traps'are prevented without using an undulylargefitting or one which will encroach upon the ceilingor front wallspace.

The branch connection just described may be doubled without departingfrom the prin ciples of vertical section in is placed on the sideopposite to 16, the tops of the branches meetingin a cusp 27 at the theinvention. This is illustrated in Fig; 9,'where a branch 17 gentiallywith respect to the channel 31 with 1 out having any part ofthe neck 35extend far below the hub portion of the inlet 15.

With this fitting no aspirating or inflowing effect can occur in anybranch for the reason that the vent channel 31, connected at 11 to theadditional vent pipe 3, always gives a free supply of air above thedescending waste streams. The pipe 3 is connected to the main vent stackas at .36.

The top fioorfitting Fig. '2, differs fromthose on the lower floors byhaving only a waste or soil stack connection 12; the remainder of thetop of the body 10 being closed off by an integral flat surface 37Otherwise the fitting is constructed in the samemanner as the fitting 4.In Fig. 7 the corresponding parts bear the same reference charactersas-in Fig. ,4, but with prime marks, i

The'portion of the waste stack 1 above the fitting 'Z carries no waterand is directly open to the roof vent, with the result that a freesupply of air :is' always available through the passage 32. to preventsiphoning of trap seals.

It isunderstcod that the objects of this inventiondo notnecessitate anydistinction between a soiljpipe and a waste pipe and wherever the.term.waste pipe is used herein it is intended to apply equally to a soilpipe.

v Other modes of applying the principle of my invention maybe employedinstead of the one explained, change being made as regards the mechanismherein disclosed, provided the meansstated by any of the followingclaims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed. a V

. '1 therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as myinvention 1. A waste pipe fitting adapted for connection with the pipesections of a ventilated building drainage, system and comprising achamber which is provided at its bottom with 'an'outlet connection forthe upper end of a section of awaste pipe and at its top with avertically disposed connection for the lower end of a section of a wastepipe and a vertically disposed connection for the lower end 7, shown indetail in inner ends intersecting said body portion substantially at acommon plane.

.2. A "waste pipe fitting constructed at top and bottom for connectioninto a waste pipe section of a ventilated buildingdrainage system-andhaving a body portion intermediate its top and bottom, a plurality ofwaste inlets having the axes of their inner ends directed substantiallydownward and the tops of the interior surfaces of saidinner endsintersecting said body portion substantially at a common plane, havingthe axes of their outer ends substantially in said common plane, with aaxes of their inner ends directed substantially downward and the tops ofthe interior surfaces of said inner ends intersecting said body portionsubstantially at a common plane, said inlets having the axes of theirouter ends substantially in said common plane, and a vent openingentering said body portion at substantially the said common plane.

4. A waste pipe fitting constructed for com a nection with the pipes ofa ventilated build- '35 ing drainage system and comprising a bodyportion provided at itsjbottom with a waste pipe outlet connection andat its top with a vertically disposed inlet connection for a waste pipe,and a vertically disposed connection for a vent pipe, and also at itstop with a waste inlet, the axis of the inner end of said inlet beingdirected substantially downward, the inner end of the interior surfaceof said inlet being disposed substantially within the space between saidwaste pipe connection and said vent pipe connection.

5. A waste pipe fitting connected at its top and bottom for connectionwith the pipe sections of a ventilated building drainage system andcomprising a body portion which is provided at its bottom with an outletconnection for the upper end of a section of a waste pipe and at its topwith a vertically disposed inlet connection for the lower end of asection of a waste pipe and a vertically disposed connection for thelower end of a section of a vent pipe, and also at its top with a wasteinlet having the axis of its inner end directed substantially downwardand entering said body portion with the top of its inner endintersecting said body portion between opposite planes, each of whichisa common tangent to said waste connection and said vent connection.

6. A waste pipe fitting adapted for use as an element of a ventilatedbuilding drainage system and comprising an elongated body portion havingits walls formed in "substantially symmetrical relation to a certainplane Y and provided at one of its ends with an outlet connection forasection of awaste pipe and at the other of its ends with an inletconnection for a section of a'waste pipe and a vent pipe connectionspaced from said waste inlet connection but in proximity thereto, awaste 1111617 intermedlate said inlet connection and said vent pipeconnection, said waste inlet having the axis of'its inner endintersecting said certain plane at an acute angle substantially lessthan a right angle and having a I part of the intersection of'itsinterior surface with the interior surfaceof said body portion 7 betweenthe intersections of the interior surface of said waste inlet connectionan'd-of'said Ventinlet connection,"respectively, with theinterior'surface of said body portion.

7. A waste pipe fitting constructed for connections with the pipesections of a ventilated building drainage system :and comprising anelongated bo'dy portion having its walls formed in substantiallysymmetrical relation to a certain plane and provided at one end with anoutlet connection for .a section of a waste pipe and its other end withan inlet connection for a section of a waste pipe and a vent pipeconnection spaced from said inlet connection for said waste pipe "and inproximity thereto, a waste inlet intermediate said inlet connection forsaidwaste pipe and said vent pipe connection,--said waste inlet havingthe :axis of its inner end intersecting saidcertain plane at an acuteangle sub-stantial'ly less than a right angle and having the inner endof its interior surface extending substantially beyond a plane tangentto the interior surface of said body pertio-n and parallel to saidcertain plane.

8.'A waste pipe fitting constructed at its ends for connection with thepipesectionsof a ventilated building drainage system and comprising anelongated body portion having'its walls formed in substantiallysymmetrical relation to a certain plane,-said end constructioncomprising at opposite ends an inlet and outlet waste pipe connection,and a vent pipe connection spaced from said waste ito see

pipe sections of a Ventilated building drainage system and lets, saidtop connections being vertically disposed and laterally spaced, saidwaste inlets being disposed between said two top connections and withtheir axes directed substantially downward. 1 I V '10. A waste:pipefitting adapted for use as an element of a ventilated buildingdrain age system and comprising an elongated body portion havingits-walls formed in substantially symmetrical-relation to a-certainplane andprovided at one of its ends with an outlet connection for asection of a waste pipe and at the other of its ends with an inletconnection for a section of a'waste pipe and a vent pipe connectionspaced from said waste inlet connection but in proximity thereto, a

pair of waste inlets intermediate said waste inletj connection and saidvent pipe connection, said waste inlets having the axes of their innerends intersecting said certain plane at acute angles substantially lessthan a right angle and having parts ofthe intersections of theirinterior surfaces with the interior surface of said body portionbetweenthe intersections of the interior surfaces of said waste inletconnection and of said vent inlet connection, respectively, with theinterior surface of said body portion. A

11. A waste pipe fitting connected at its top and bottom for connectionwith the pipe sections of aventilated building drainage system andcomprising a body portion which is provided at its bottom with an outletconalso having lateral waste in:

; more than one size with the axes of their inner ends directedsubstantially downward and the tops of the interior surfaces of saidinner ends intersecting said body portion substantially at a commonplane, said inlets having the axes of their outerfends substantially insaid common plane, and a vent opening entering said body portion atsubstantially the same common plane. I

th's 2nd day of July, 1930 Signed by me, l WILLARD J. LUFF.

nection for the upper end of a section of waste pipe and at its top witha vertically disposed inlet connection for the lower end of a section ofa waste pipe, and a vertically disposed. connection for the lower end ofascotion of a vent pipe, and also at its top with a pair of waste inletshaving the axis of their inner ends directed substantially downward andentering said'body portion with the top of their inner ends intersectingsaid body portion between opposite planes, each of which is a commontangent to said waste connection and said vent connection.

. 12. A waste and vent pipe fitting construced witha top vent connectionand a bottom connection to a waste pipe sectionaot a ventilatedbuilding. drainage system and having a body portion intermediate its topand bottom, a plurality of waste-inlets having the axes of their innerends directed substantially downward and-the tops of the-interiorsurfaces of said inner ends intersecting said body portion substantiallyat a common plane, having the-axes of their outer ends substan tially insaid common plane, with a vent opening entering said body portionsubstantially at the same common plane.

13. A waste and vent pipe fitting constructed with a top vent connectionand a bottom connection to a waste pipe section of a ven-

